Application of liquid mineral fertilizers

The recommendations were developed by scientific workers of the Research Institute of Agrotechnology and Ecology of the Taurian State Agrotechnological University by Professor Kalitka VV, Assistant Zolotukhin ZV

We offer a new mutually beneficial service for agricultural producers – selling and application of the liquid mineral fertilizers.

Our Philosophy:

  • Supplies of high quality fertilizers only
  • Timely provision of fertilizers and quality agrochemical services
  • Providing our customers with services for effective use of fertilizers
  • Guarantees of high fertilizer efficiency while observing the recommended application system according to the results of soil and plant diagnostics.

The optimal norms for the application of mineral fertilizers in crop nutrition systems are based on knowledge of the requirements of plants for soil and nutrients, are determined on the basis of the results of soil diagnostics and are adjusted in accordance with the results of plant diagnostics and weather conditions.

The optimal fertilizer rates provides:

  • stable and high crop yields;
  • high biological value and environmental safety of products;
  • increasing the tolerance of crops to unfavorable weather conditions, diseases and pests;
  • the competitive cost of crop production;
  • high economic efficiency of technologies for growing crops;
  • preservation and improvement of soil fertility.

«You need to fertilize plants, not fields»
D.M. Pryanishnikov

Liquid nitrogen fertilizers

Contains the main element for plants – nitrogen. Regulate the growth of vegetative mass of plants, increase the efficiency of photosynthesis of organic matter, determine the level of yield and affect the quality of agricultural products.

Carbamide-ammonium mixture (UAN)

UAN – liquid nitrogen fertilizer, that contains a mixture of solutions of carbamide and ammonium nitrate. UAN does not contain free ammonia and has certain technological advantages over other liquid and solid nitrogen fertilizers when applied:

  • Full mechanization of all stages of storage, transportation and fertilization processes is provided;
  • nutrient losses are reduced and pollution is reduced;
  • Efficiency is enhanced by extending the timing of UAN application and more even distribution of crops;
  • costs are reduced due to the possibility of combining the application of UAN in a tank mixture with herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and other liquid mineral fertilizers;
  • the working conditions of machine operators are improving.
The physical and chemical properties of UAN of various brands

 

Index UAN 28 UAN 30 UAN 32
Appearance Colorless or slightly colored liquid
pH 7-8
Density (20°C - gr/sm3) 1.26-1.27 1.28-1.29 1.30-1.31
Mass part      
Urea 30-32 33-35 35-37*
Ammonium nitrate 39-41 41-43 43-45*
Nitrogen in total 28 30 32

Physicochemical parameters of different UAN

* depends on the manufacturer

The agrobiological advantages of UAN over other nitrogen fertilizers are due to the presence in their composition of all three forms of nitrogen: amide (NH2), ammonium (NH 4 + ) and nitrate (NO 3 - ):
Nitrate nitrogen – Provides instant action.
Ammonium Nitrogen – Longer action.
Two of these forms are absorbed by the leaves and the root system.
Amide nitrogen – Has the most prolonged effect.
combined fertilizers

The amide form of nitrogen (NH2) easily penetrates the plant through the leaf surface (foliar). To penetrate the root, it needs more time, because it must first turn into ammonium, and then into a nitrate, which are well absorbed by the root system. This process is limited by the presence in the soil of urobacteria and temperature.

NH2->NH4 NH4->NO3
2°C - 4 days 5°C - 6 weeks
10°C - 2 days 10°C - 2 weeks
20°C - 1 day 20°C - 1 week

The weak physiological acidity of ammonium nitrate prevents loss of ammonia during the conversion of the amide form of nitrogen to ammonium. In general, nitrogen losses when applying UAN do not exceed 10%, while when applying solid fertilizers they reach 30-40%.

Prolonged action and minimization of nitrogen losses is the main advantage of UAN in front of solid nitrogen fertilizers and a pledge of high efficiency. The efficacy of UAN increases when it is used for foliar top feeding in combination with growth regulators.

We recommend using UAN in intensive technologies of growing grain and oilseeds according to the scheme:

UAN Application Scheme

For winter cereals, the first top feeding of UAN is performed during the restoration of spring vegetation, the second application at the end of tillering, the third (foliar feeding) is performed in the phase of exit into the tube, the fourth when foliar passes into the phase of milk ripeness of grain.

For winter rapeseed, the first and second fertilizing is carried out at autumn in conjunction with herbicides (I) and insecticides (II), the third application in the spring when the vegetation resumes and the fourth (foliar feeding) in the budding phase. The degree of dilution of UAN by water depends on the fertilizer dose and the method of application.

Liquid complex fertilizers LCF

Liquid complex fertilizers – these are solutions of nutrients, which consist of two or three basic elements of nutrition in a water-soluble form.

HUS have advantages over solid complex fertilizers:

The impact of HCS on the growth and development of plants:

Scheme of UAN influence on soil and plants

With systematic use of HCS in short-rotation crop rotations, the economic efficiency is higher than in comparison with solid fodder.

Liquid complex fertilizers BRAND NR 11-37

Liquid complex fertilizer brand NR 11-37 – This solution contains water-soluble forms of ammonium phosphate and has physical and chemical properties:

Mass fraction:
Nitrogen (N), not less than 10%
Phosphorus (P 2 O 5 ), not less than 34%
PH – 6-7
Crystallization temperature – 20°C
Density at 20°C – 1.4-1.5 g/cm3

The HU of brand NR 11-37 contains an ammonium form of nitrogen (NH4+), which is well absorbed by leaves and root system of plants, so the fertilizer can be applied as foliar (spraying vegetating plants), and as a root (laying in the ground). Fertilizer contains water-soluble forms of phosphates, which are quickly absorbed by plants, which reduces their retrograde to hard-to-reach compounds.

HCS of brand NR 11-37 provides the main condition for efficient nitrogen uptake by plants. – Availability of an optimal amount of readily available phosphorus in the rhizosphere of the root. Therefore, such a fertilizer is especially necessary for plants during the formation of the vegetative mass and the bookmarking of the reproductive organs, which determine the magnitude of the future crop.

HCS of brand NR 11-37 is especially effective on carbonate soils saturated with bases, weakly alkaline reaction (pH 7) of soil solution in the zone of insufficient moisture.

We recommend the use of HCS NR 11-37 in intensive technologies of growing grain and oilseeds according to the scheme.

Calculating the amount of fertilizer to make

* For basic soil cultivation, the fertilizer is applied without dilution.
** When applying fertilizer NR 11-37 under the pre-sowing cultivation, it is diluted with water (1: 2) and finished with UAN and potassium salts up to N15K15.
*** Top feeding NP 11-37 is carried out with the completion of the UAN in accordance with the norm of nitrogen for a certain culture, the results of soil and plant diagnostics, weather conditions.

Liquid complex fertilizers NPS 6-24-3, NPS 8-22-10,
NPS 10-20-5

Liquid complex fertilizers of grades NPS 6-24-3, NRS 8-22-10, NPS 10-20-5 - these are solutions that have a balanced ratio of basic nutrients (NPS) in the form of water-soluble compounds that are readily available to plants both with foliar foliar feeding and when applied to the soil.

The main feature of these fertilizers is the presence of water-soluble sulfate sulfur. Sulfur plays an important role in the synthesis of proteins, chloroplasts, a number of enzymes. Especially demanding are sulfur rapeseed, mustard, cabbage, garlic, sunflower, beans. With a lack of sulfur, plants do not easily absorb nitrogen and accumulate it in non-protein form (nitrates), which reduces the environmental safety of products.

For the normal assimilation of nitrogen, the ratio of N: S should be 6: 1. The basic amount of readily available sulfur (5.3 kg/ha) is produced annually by mineralization of the organic matter of the soil. This is clearly not enough for the effective use of nitrogen. Especially at the rates of its application 60-90 kg/ha in the form of ammonium nitrate, carbamide, etc. The liquid fertilizer of NRS brands are better suited to this requirement.

Agrochemical benefits of HCS NPS before traditional mineral fertilizers:

  • contain water-soluble and readily accessible plant nutrient connections, especially for phosphates;
  • do not contain free ammonia, this allows them to be applied to the surface of the soil, followed by a harrow or cultivator;
  • Nitrogen losses (up to 1%) during fertilizer application are minimized;
  • ensure high accuracy and uniformity of application;
  • can be used in one tank mixture with microfertilizers, pesticides and growth regulators;
  • storage and application costs are reduced (by 20-30%) compared to solid complex fertilizers;
  • can be supplemented with liquid nitrogen fertilizers (UAN), depending on the need for nitrogen and the phase of plant growth.
    • Liquid fertilizer on the impact on the development of agricultural plants, their productivity is not inferior to solid mineral fertilizers
    • The effect of using HCS increases when using them with organic fertilizers (manure, straw, siderates).
    • Liquid fertilizer increase the fertility of the soil, increasing the number of easily accessible cells for plants.
    • the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizer is 80-95%
    • increase the yield of grain crops by 15-20%, and the oilseeds by 25-30% more than solid fats
    • Chemically pure, do not contain toxic impurities, therefore ensure the production of environmentally friendly products
    • used together with pesticides, without changing the effectiveness of their action
    • increase the tolerance of plants to stress factors caused by diseases, adverse weather conditions, the use of pesticides.
  • The physical and chemical properties of various types of liquid fertilizers:

 

Physico-chemical properties of different HCS

HCS brand NPS 8-22-10 is especially effective when growing cabbage crops (rape, cabbage), lily (garlic, onion).

HCS brand NPS 10-20-5 is most effective in growing composite crops (sunflower), legumes (peas, soy, alfalfa), mare (beets), cereals (corn).

Cereals (wheat, barley) are less demanding for sulfur nutrition, so when they are grown, it is most advisable to use HPU brand NPS 6-24-3.

Warning! When using high nitrogen fertilizer standards (N75) for crops, NPS 10-20-5 will be more effective.

We recommend to apply LCDs of brands NPS 6-24-3, NRS 8-22-10, NRS 10-20-5 according to the scheme.

The recommended scheme for making different LCDs
The fertilizing of plants of rape and sunflower is carried out as foliar in the phase of 6 leaves in a tank mixture with pesticides and trace elements.
** Feeding of plants of winter wheat is carried out as radical at the end of spring tillering.

 

Liquid fertilizers of grades NPS 6-24-3, NRS 8-22-10 are finished when applying UAN solutions in accordance with the norm of nitrogen for a certain culture, the results of soil and plant diagnostics, weather conditions.

Liquid fertilizer application, in order to maximize the return, should be carried out using modern technologies. Self-propelled sprayer «Vodoley» is significantly safer and more efficient than conventional technology:

  • Low pressure tires allow the sprayer «Vodoley 2» to put pressure on the ground less than 160 g/cm2, therefore does not create a rut, passes through plants up to 50 cm high without damaging them;
  • Increased permeability allows you to start field work earlier for 2-3 weeks.

Having a computer «Vodoley» with GSM module gives a reduction in the costs of liquid fertilizers due to the fact that the feed rate of the solution is exactly correlated with the speed of the sprayer across the field. Regardless of the variation in speed (slope or turn, where the speed has to be reduced), electronics monitors maintenance of the same level of liquid fertilizer application, changing the outflow rate.

The presence of the «Vodoley 2» agronavigator allows you to observe the field itself, places where the liquid fertilizers have already been introduced, in case of repeated application, the driver immediately sees it and can take action. Working together, these devices allow the introduction of liquid fertilizers with minimal losses.


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