Application of liquid mineral fertilizers

The recommendations were developed by scientific workers of the Research Institute of Agrotechnology and Ecology of the Taurian State Agrotechnological University by Professor Kalitka VV, Assistant Zolotukhin ZV

We offer a new mutually beneficial service for agricultural producers – selling and application of the liquid mineral fertilizers.

The optimal norms for the application of mineral fertilizers in crop nutrition systems are based on knowledge of the requirements of plants for soil and nutrients, are determined on the basis of the results of soil diagnostics and are adjusted in accordance with the results of plant diagnostics and weather conditions.

«You need to fertilize plants, not fields»
D.M. Pryanishnikov

Contains the main element for plants – nitrogen. Regulate the growth of vegetative mass of plants, increase the efficiency of photosynthesis of organic matter, determine the level of yield and affect the quality of agricultural products.

UAN – liquid nitrogen fertilizer, that contains a mixture of solutions of carbamide and ammonium nitrate. UAN does not contain free ammonia and has certain technological advantages over other liquid and solid nitrogen fertilizers when applied:

The physical and chemical properties of UAN of various brands

 

Index	UAN 28	UAN 30	UAN 32
Appearance	Colorless or slightly colored liquid
pH	7-8
Density (20°C - gr/sm3)	1.26-1.27	1.28-1.29	1.30-1.31
Mass part
Urea	30-32	33-35	35-37*
Ammonium nitrate	39-41	41-43	43-45*
Nitrogen in total	28	30	32

Physicochemical parameters of different UAN

* depends on the manufacturer

The agrobiological advantages of UAN over other nitrogen fertilizers are due to the presence in their composition of all three forms of nitrogen: amide (NH2), ammonium (NH ₄ ⁺ ) and nitrate (NO ₃ ^- ):
Nitrate nitrogen – Provides instant action.
Ammonium Nitrogen – Longer action.
Two of these forms are absorbed by the leaves and the root system.
Amide nitrogen – Has the most prolonged effect.

The amide form of nitrogen (NH2) easily penetrates the plant through the leaf surface (foliar). To penetrate the root, it needs more time, because it must first turn into ammonium, and then into a nitrate, which are well absorbed by the root system. This process is limited by the presence in the soil of urobacteria and temperature.

NH2->NH4	NH4->NO3
2°C - 4 days	5°C - 6 weeks
10°C - 2 days	10°C - 2 weeks
20°C - 1 day	20°C - 1 week

The weak physiological acidity of ammonium nitrate prevents loss of ammonia during the conversion of the amide form of nitrogen to ammonium. In general, nitrogen losses when applying UAN do not exceed 10%, while when applying solid fertilizers they reach 30-40%.

Prolonged action and minimization of nitrogen losses is the main advantage of UAN in front of solid nitrogen fertilizers and a pledge of high efficiency. The efficacy of UAN increases when it is used for foliar top feeding in combination with growth regulators.

We recommend using UAN in intensive technologies of growing grain and oilseeds according to the scheme:

For winter cereals, the first top feeding of UAN is performed during the restoration of spring vegetation, the second application at the end of tillering, the third (foliar feeding) is performed in the phase of exit into the tube, the fourth when foliar passes into the phase of milk ripeness of grain.

For winter rapeseed, the first and second fertilizing is carried out at autumn in conjunction with herbicides (I) and insecticides (II), the third application in the spring when the vegetation resumes and the fourth (foliar feeding) in the budding phase. The degree of dilution of UAN by water depends on the fertilizer dose and the method of application.

Liquid complex fertilizers – these are solutions of nutrients, which consist of two or three basic elements of nutrition in a water-soluble form.

HUS have advantages over solid complex fertilizers:

The impact of HCS on the growth and development of plants:

With systematic use of HCS in short-rotation crop rotations, the economic efficiency is higher than in comparison with solid fodder.

Liquid complex fertilizer brand NR 11-37 – This solution contains water-soluble forms of ammonium phosphate and has physical and chemical properties:

Mass fraction:
Nitrogen (N), not less than – 10%
Phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), not less than – 34%
PH – 6-7
Crystallization temperature – 20°C
Density at 20°C – 1.4-1.5 g/cm3

The HU of brand NR 11-37 contains an ammonium form of nitrogen (NH₄⁺), which is well absorbed by leaves and root system of plants, so the fertilizer can be applied as foliar (spraying vegetating plants), and as a root (laying in the ground). Fertilizer contains water-soluble forms of phosphates, which are quickly absorbed by plants, which reduces their retrograde to hard-to-reach compounds.

HCS of brand NR 11-37 provides the main condition for efficient nitrogen uptake by plants. – Availability of an optimal amount of readily available phosphorus in the rhizosphere of the root. Therefore, such a fertilizer is especially necessary for plants during the formation of the vegetative mass and the bookmarking of the reproductive organs, which determine the magnitude of the future crop.

HCS of brand NR 11-37 is especially effective on carbonate soils saturated with bases, weakly alkaline reaction (pH 7) of soil solution in the zone of insufficient moisture.

We recommend the use of HCS NR 11-37 in intensive technologies of growing grain and oilseeds according to the scheme.

* For basic soil cultivation, the fertilizer is applied without dilution.
** When applying fertilizer NR 11-37 under the pre-sowing cultivation, it is diluted with water (1: 2) and finished with UAN and potassium salts up to N15K15.
*** Top feeding NP 11-37 is carried out with the completion of the UAN in accordance with the norm of nitrogen for a certain culture, the results of soil and plant diagnostics, weather conditions.

Liquid complex fertilizers of grades NPS 6-24-3, NRS 8-22-10, NPS 10-20-5 - these are solutions that have a balanced ratio of basic nutrients (NPS) in the form of water-soluble compounds that are readily available to plants both with foliar foliar feeding and when applied to the soil.

The main feature of these fertilizers is the presence of water-soluble sulfate sulfur. Sulfur plays an important role in the synthesis of proteins, chloroplasts, a number of enzymes. Especially demanding are sulfur rapeseed, mustard, cabbage, garlic, sunflower, beans. With a lack of sulfur, plants do not easily absorb nitrogen and accumulate it in non-protein form (nitrates), which reduces the environmental safety of products.

For the normal assimilation of nitrogen, the ratio of N: S should be 6: 1. The basic amount of readily available sulfur (5.3 kg/ha) is produced annually by mineralization of the organic matter of the soil. This is clearly not enough for the effective use of nitrogen. Especially at the rates of its application 60-90 kg/ha in the form of ammonium nitrate, carbamide, etc. The liquid fertilizer of NRS brands are better suited to this requirement.

Agrochemical benefits of HCS NPS before traditional mineral fertilizers: